lektyur ng ind2-2

eachay!! eto na yung digital na sinasabi ko.. kaya lang..super liit nya!!

MP Notes - Fibers
Sorry if the images are blurry, you know, cheap photocopies... pagtiyagaan nyo na lang! quiz on thurs!






*images are in order according to page

what r u waitin' for? click click click!!!

Alan's Vintage Watches

937 Bulova Art-Deco "Ambassador"

exploded view diagram of a Golay Spierer watch

Exploded view of Calibre 5000

i'll be searching for more sites to help us.. sabayan nyo na lang din ng dasal para matapos natin sa wednesday.. hayyy... :s

***FOR COMPLETE WATCH SCHEMATICS CLICK ME!!!
thanks joyce! :)

All researched items for the Physics Encyclopedia must be submitted on or before August 25, 2006 (friday). Remember we still need to bookbind it and sumbmit it by August 28.

Format:
Arial, 12
single-spaced
justified
all titles/terminologies - bold

submit in short bond paper

WOOD
• Only 300 species are utilized commercially, the rest are considered weeds
• There are about 3,800 tree species in the Phil.

• Wood Classification
1. Hardwood
• from broad-leaved deciduous trees
• contains long ducts called wood fibers that extend vertically through the trunk and serve as mechanical support
2. Softwood
• Wood that comes from coniferous trees; Ex: pinecones
• Composed of tracheids which are primitive conducting cells

• Kinds of Wood
• Walnut
o One of the most serviceable and versatile of woods
o Outstanding for its rich color, durability, and beauty
o Can be made into bowls or other small objects, a favorite for wood-carving
• Mahogany
o Excellent material for paneling hollow-cored doors; relatively inexpensive and has an attractive grain that takes in finish
• Oak
o Traditionally favorite for floors and furniture; Resistant to wear made it popular for school and office furniture
• Maple
o Has toughness and warmth of color that make it a fine material for many purposes; still appeals to people who prefer informal and hospitable room interiors with traditional character.
o Has a yellow-orange color
• Pine
o Was used extensively during the colonial period and is in demand today for m=paneling furniture
o Ex: used for splice racks, cabinets, canister sets
o Low cost and light weight
o Warps and shrinks a little
• Teak
o a tropical wood of marked strength and durability
o most desirable for contemporary artifacts and furniture
o has somewhat a lighter color that walnut
o responds to beautiful oils which brings luster
o extremely durable
• Fruitwood
o Takes a sumptuous finish and possess a wide range of warm tones
o Can be combined with leather, brass
o Contributes to opulence and richness of interiors

• Wood Property Requirements
•Grain – straight grained are preferred
•Texture – uniform textures are preferred
•Weight and density – must not be too light nor too heavy
•Seasoning characteristics – swelling of wood during seasonal conditions
•Workability – property of wood can be worked on easily
•Finishing characteristics – easy to sand; takes in stain, varnish and paint very well
•Modulus of strength – possess desires strength to carry load

•Wood Processing Technologies
•Saw-milling
oConversions of logs into lumber are usually done in the band saw. Band saw is preferred over circular saw because of the narrow kerfs of the band saw blades produce lesser wood waste during saw-milling

•Drying or Seasoning
oDrying sawn lumber is a very important process in the manufacturing of wooden products
•Ordinary air drying
•Kiln drying

•Machining
oAfter drying the wood, the next process is machining
•Planning
•Boring
•Mortising
•Shaping
•Turning
•Sanding
oFactors affecting the machining properties of surface quality of wood:
•Species
•Moisture content
•Specific gravity
•Cutting angle
•Feed rate
•Depth of cut
•Spindle speed
•Sharpness of knives or cutters
•Cellular structure of wood
oWood defects attributed to machines used:
•Raised grain – occurs in abnormal wood and low density wood
•Fussy grain – occurs in wood with low density and higher feed rate
•Chip marks – occur in low density wood and when the blower system of the furniture shop is inadequate to suck the wood particles or shavings
•Preservative treatment – treat or chemically apply wood preservatives on the components to protect them from being infested or attacked by powder post beetles, dry wood termites and other destroying organisms
 Employed by pressure/non-pressure process
 Choice of treatment depends on those (ex: outdoor furniture – treat with water-soluble preservatives to desired retention)
 Indoor furniture – non-pressure treatments such as brushing, dipping, or soaking

•Wood finishing
 application of transparent or opaque coatings usually termed as wood finishing
 protects wood from warping, raising grain, cracking, checking, shrinking and swelling
oTypes of finishing materials
• Stains – provide transparent coloring effect to any material and at the same time accentuate their natural color
 Dyes – available in the form of water stains, oil stains, spirit stains
 Chemical stains – ammonia chromates and permanganates
 Pigment stains – in the forms of liquid and powders
• Varnishes – relatively hard and reasonably elastic
 Natural varnishes
• Derived from plants, insects and vegetable matter
 Synthetic Varnishes
• Uses resin (ester gum) made from esterified (?) with glycerin
• Quick drying, hard tough material that produces high resistance to weathering, chemicals and mechanical weather
***
•Weird notes: (bilis kasi maglecture ni ma’am using the acetate)
• 2 types of synthetic varnishes:
o oleoresinous varnish – contains oil or synthetic resin
o spirit varnish – contains solvents plus natural… (di ko nakopya!)

• waxes
• paints – lead base, zinc oxide, titanium, lithopine, casein, epoxy
• 4 types use oil, turpentine and drier as vehicle binder
***
• good paints properties:
color consistency
color retention
brushability
leveling
running
covering
flooding – amount of water in paint
drying – quick drying (or not)
initial gloss retention
durability
package stability

• Popular finishes:
Antique
Verdigris or patinated (“terracotta”-ish, greenish)
Pickle (or two effects)
Rustic look
White washed
Stain washed
Crackle
Marbling
Splattering technique
Metallic look
Pearlized (uses silver leaf or gold leaf)
Concrete
Monochrome anique
Handpainted technique
Stencil approach
Laminated effect
Burnt
Batik or wax reist
Textural

The Christian Concept of the Human Person

Christian Anthropology
• The human being is created in God’s image and likeness.
• Original sin is real and is the source of sinfulness found in human experience.
• Jesus Christ redeemed the human race.

The Human Being: the Image of God
Then God said: “Let us make man in our image, after our likeness. Let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, the birds of the air, and the cattle, and over all the wild animals and all the creatures that crawl on the ground.
God created man in his image, in the divine image he created him; male and female he created them.
God blessed them, saying, “Be fertile and multiply, fill the earth and subdue it. Have dominion over the fish of the sea, the birds of the air, and all the living things that move on the earth.”
Gen 1:26-28

The Human Being: the Image of God
• Capacity to know and love back: Of all the visible creatures only man is “able to know and love his creator.”
• Important in himself/ herself: He is “the only creature on earth that God has willed for its own sake,”
• Sharer in God’s own life: And he alone is called to share, by knowledge and love, in God’s own life.
CCC 356

The Human Person: An Embodied Spirit

– Man as Body: the physical aspect of the human person

The Human Person: An Embodied Spirit
• Soul: intangible properties of the human being
– Intellect
• The capacity to learn in life
• Form the concept of what is true
– Free will
• The ability to decide and to move towards a decision
– Emotions
• Love, hatred, joy, sorrow, boldness, fear, hope, despair and anger can enhance the nobility of the person if they are well-integrated in the personality.

The Reality of Original Sin
• Original Sin is Adam and Eve’s abuse of their human freedom and their disobedience of God’s command. This sin separated man from God, darkened the human intellect, weakened the human will and introduced into human nature an inclination toward sin
Aurelio Fernandez and James Socias

Life of Grace in Christ
“But the gift is not like the trespass. For if the many died by the trespass of the one man, how much more did God’s grace and the gift that came by the grace of the one man, Jesus Christ, overflow to the many.” - Rom 5:15

Through Baptism, the human being shares in the life of the risen Christ. “It is no longer I who live, but Christ who lives in me” (Gal 2:20). The Christian therefore ought to imitate Christ’s thought, love and actions (cf. VS 19-21).

References:
Michael D. Moga, What Makes Man Truly Human? St. Pauls, 1995

Ismael Ireneo Maningas, Filipino Christian Morality, St. Pauls, 1998

MORAL SITUATIONS
AN OVERVIEW


Contemporary Moral Trends
Might is right
Morals are mores
The individual is the measure
The human Race is the basis of right
Right is moderation
Right is what brings pleasure
Right is the greatest good for the greater number
Right is what is desirable for it's own sake
Right is indefinable
Right is what God wills

What is Ethics/Morality?
Etymology
Ethics from the greek “Ethos”
Morals from the latin “Mos”
Which means: customs or practices

Morality refers to the rightness or wrongness of an action.
Ethics refers to the study concerned with what is morally good and bad, right and wrong Encyclopedia Brittanica 1994-2002
ETHICAL SYSTEMS

Relativism
Right or wrong, good or bad is variable and relative, depending on the person, circumstance or social situation.

Cultural Relativism – Moral standards are a product of culture. What is right in one culture may be wrong in another.
Morality changes through time.

Secular Humanism
Emphasis on the human.
“A search for viable individual, social and political principles of ethical conduct, judging them on their ability to enhance human well-being and individual responsibility” (Council for Secular Humanism)

ETHICAL SYSTEMS

Virtue Ethics
Happiness is achieved through the development of “good habits:” intellectual (for example knowledge) and practical action and emotion (for example courage).
“Golden Mean” – neither excess nor deficiency.
Seeks to develop individual character. A good person will make a good decision.

Hedonism
What brings pleasure to an individual is good.

Ethical Egoism
Focuses on the pursuit of self-interest in human conduct.

Teleological Ethics
From the Greek “telos” meaning “end” or “goal.”
Concerned with the end-point or results of an action

Consequentialism

Utilitarianism (Universal Hedonism)
The greatest good or happiness for the greatest number of people.

Deontology
The good is found in the action itself and not based on its consequences or results.
Thus it is our duty to do the right action

Kantian Ethics
“Act as if the principle on which your action is based were to become a universal law of nature.”

Determinism
Everything is caused and determined (even human actions and choices) by previously existing causes that preclude free will and the possibility that humans could have acted otherwise.
Fatalism
Stoicism

Theonomous Ethics: Morality and religion go together
Divine Command
Being good is doing whatever a sacred text tells you.
Christian Ethics
Looking at the person of Christ as the norm of all thought and action.

Absolutism
It is not limited by exceptions or restrictions.
It is not to be doubted or questioned – positive, certain and unconditional.

Cultural absolutism
There exists moral absolutes that do not vary from culture to culture.

Contemporary Moral Trends
Might is right
-Relativism
-Hedonism / Egoism
-Absolutism
Morals are mores
-Cultural Relativism
The individual is the measure
-Relativism / Subjectivism
-Egoism
The human Race is the basis of right
-Secular Humanism
Right is moderation
-Aristotle’s “Golden Mean”
-Contemporary Moral Trends
Right is what brings pleasure
-Hedonism / Egoism
Right is the greatest good for the greater number
-Utilitarianism
Right is what is desirable for it's own sake
-Deontological Ethics
Right is indefinable
-Ethical Relativism
-Determinism
Right is what God wills
-Theonomous Ethics
-Absolutism

References
Ismael Ireneo Maningas. Filipino Christian Morality. St. Pauls, 1998.
Karl Peschke. Christian Ethics.
Professor Dean R. Bork. Fundamentals of Ethical Systems. Lecture Notes. http://www.lar.arch.vt.edu/Resources/courses/LAR-3034/Notes/Ethics.html
Louis D. Whitworth. Measuring Morality: A Comparison of Ethical Systems. Probe Ministries, 1995. http://www.leaderu.com/orgs/probe/docs/measmor.html
“Ethics” Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia Deluxe 2004.
“What is Secular Humanism?” Council for Secular Humanism. Last updated 8/11/2004. http://www.secularhumanism.org/intro/what.html

CHRISTIAN LIFE AS FREEDOM IN CHRIST

Freedom in Christ
*Christian life is a call to freedom. The freedom of God’s children is to respond to the Holy Spirit in us and to become more and more like Christ.
*This freedom to do what God wills is not a coercive force that burdens, but a liberating experience which St. Paul calls the Law of the Spirit.

The Law of the Spirit
*The Holy Spirit which is the gift of God’s love in us empowers and energizes us to love in return and to do what God expects of us freely, out of love, not out of fear or because of external coercion.
(Genovesi, 56)

Two Forms of Freedom
*Basic Freedom or freedom of self-determination: ETHICS OF BEING.
*Freedom of Choice: ETHICS OF DOING

Ethics of Being
*Humans decide about “who” they want to be (the quality of being).
*It focuses on the formation of character, the right vision of life, the basic values and convictions which move a person to do what he/she believes to be right.
*The ethics of being is expressed in an existential decision, wherein the person decides on the fundamental project of his or her life.

Fundamental Option
*A person’s fundamental option gives direction to a person’s moral activity. It is the ground of all other commitments.
- Direction of salvation: a self-donating life.
- Direction of damnation: a self-absorbing life.

Ethics of Doing
*Humans decide about their concrete actions (the quantity of things done).
*The ethics of doing is expressed in particular decisions or choices which concerns concrete, particular actions.

Freedom “from” towards Freedom “for”
*Freedom is essentially the power to do good.
*Authentic freedom thus involves a freedom from everything that opposes our true self-becoming with others in the community.

Illusory Freedom
*The temptations of Jesus in the desert symbolize the basic make-believe “freedoms”:
- Pleasure for one’s own self (turning stones into bread)
- Prestige and success at any price (jumping from the roof of the temple)
- Wealth, power and glory (possession of greatness and splendor of all nations).

Freedom and the Good
*The more one does what is good, the freer one becomes (CCC 1733).
*As Christian experience attests especially in prayer, the more docile we are to the promptings of grace, the more we grow in inner freedom and confidence during trials, such as those we face in the pressures and constraints of the outer world (CCC 1742).

Conclusion: Why are we free?
*The purpose of freedom is not primarily to satisfy my wants. Human life is more than a mere satisfaction of desires. Freedom is given us to achieve the fullness of human life. Freedom is there in order for us to bring our life to this fulfillment.

REFERENCES
Aurelio Fernandez and James Socias. Our Moral Life in Christ. Scepter Publishers, Inc. Princeton, New Jersey. 1997.

Segundo Galilea. Ascent to Freedom. Claretian Publications, Quezon City. 1994.

Vincent Genovesi. In Pursuit of Love, 2nd edition. Jesuit Communications Foundation, Inc., Quezon City. 2003.

Ismael Ireneo Maningas. Filipino Christian Morality. St Pauls, Makati City. 1998.

Michael Moga. What Makes Man Truly Human? St. Pauls, 1995.

need the ULTIMATE HELP with the inner workings of your thermos?

maybe this will answer most of your questions...

Wine Glass


Blower